SHA512(3)

NAME
SHA512_Init, SHA512_Update, SHA512_Final, SHA512_End, SHA512_File, SHA512_FileChunk, SHA512_Data, SHA384_Init, SHA384_Update, SHA384_Final, SHA384_End, SHA384_File, SHA384_FileChunk, SHA384_Data, SHA512_256_Init, SHA512_256_Update, SHA512_256_Final, SHA512_256_End, SHA512_256_File, SHA512_256_FileChunk, SHA512_256_Data - calculate the FIPS 180-4 ``SHA-512'' family of message digests

LIBRARY
libmd

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sha512.h>
void
SHA512_Init(SHA512_CTX *context);
void
SHA512_Update(SHA512_CTX *context, const unsigned char *data, size_t len);
void
SHA512_Final(unsigned char digest[64], SHA512_CTX *context);
char *
SHA512_End(SHA512_CTX *context, char *buf);
char *
SHA512_File(const char *filename, char *buf);
char *
SHA512_FileChunk(const char *filename, char *buf, off_t offset, off_t length);
char *
SHA512_Data(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int len, char *buf);
#include <sha384.h>
void
SHA384_Init(SHA384_CTX *context);
void
SHA384_Update(SHA384_CTX *context, const unsigned char *data, size_t len);
void
SHA384_Final(unsigned char digest[48], SHA384_CTX *context);
char *
SHA384_End(SHA384_CTX *context, char *buf);
char *
SHA384_File(const char *filename, char *buf);
char *
SHA384_FileChunk(const char *filename, char *buf, off_t offset, off_t length);
char *
SHA384_Data(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int len, char *buf);
#include <sha512t.h>
void
SHA512_256_Init(SHA512_CTX *context);
void
SHA512_256_Update(SHA512_CTX *context, const unsigned char *data, size_t len);
void
SHA512_256_Final(unsigned char digest[32], SHA512_CTX *context);
char *
SHA512_256_End(SHA512_CTX *context, char *buf);
char *
SHA512_256_File(const char *filename, char *buf);
char *
SHA512_256_FileChunk(const char *filename, char *buf, off_t offset, off_t length);
char *
SHA512_256_Data(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int len, char *buf);

DESCRIPTION
The SHA512_ functions calculate a 512-bit cryptographic checksum (digest) for any number of input bytes. A cryptographic checksum is a one-way hash function; that is, it is computationally impractical to find the input corresponding to a particular output. This net result is a “fingerprint” of the input-data, which does not disclose the actual input.

The SHA512_Init(), SHA512_Update(), and SHA512_Final() functions are the core functions. Allocate an SHA512_CTX, initialize it with SHA512_Init(), run over the data with SHA512_Update(), and finally extract the result using SHA512_Final(), which will also erase the SHA512_CTX.

SHA512_End() is a wrapper for SHA512_Final() which converts the return value to a 129-character (including the terminating '\0') ASCII string which represents the 512 bits in hexadecimal.

SHA512_File() calculates the digest of a file, and uses SHA512_End() to return the result. If the file cannot be opened, a null pointer is returned. SHA512_FileChunk() is similar to SHA512_File(), but it only calculates the digest over a byte-range of the file specified, starting at offset and spanning length bytes. If the length parameter is specified as 0, or more than the length of the remaining part of the file, SHA512_FileChunk() calculates the digest from offset to the end of file. SHA512_Data() calculates the digest of a chunk of data in memory, and uses SHA512_End() to return the result.

When using SHA512_End(), SHA512_File(), or SHA512_Data(), the buf argument can be a null pointer, in which case the returned string is allocated with malloc(3) and subsequently must be explicitly deallocated using free(3) after use. If the buf argument is non-null it must point to at least 129 characters of buffer space.

The SHA384_ and SHA512_256_ functions are identical to the SHA512_ functions except they use a different initial hash value and the output is truncated to 384 bits and 256 bits respectively.

SHA384_End() is a wrapper for SHA384_Final() which converts the return value to a 97-character (including the terminating '\0') ASCII string which represents the 384 bits in hexadecimal.

SHA512_256_End() is a wrapper for SHA512_Final() which converts the return value to a 65-character (including the terminating '\0') ASCII string which represents the 256 bits in hexadecimal.

ERRORS
The SHA512_End() function called with a null buf argument may fail and return NULL if:

[ENOMEM]
    Insufficient storage space is available.

The SHA512_File() and SHA512_FileChunk() may return NULL when underlying open(2), fstat(2), lseek(2), or SHA512_End(2) fail.

SEE ALSO
md4(3), md5(3), ripemd(3), sha(3), sha256(3), sha512(3), skein(3)

HISTORY
These functions appeared in FreeBSD 9.0.

AUTHORS
The core hash routines were implemented by Colin Percival based on the published FIPS 180-2 standard.

BUGS
No method is known to exist which finds two files having the same hash value, nor to find a file with a specific hash value. There is on the other hand no guarantee that such a method does not exist.